Environmental lab Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Ecological lab - Assignment Example So as to gather important information for investigation, I got to the MUSE lab where I examined the presentation of the Zebra and Quagga to North America’s new water lake by a boat. Through the perception of the movements in the lab, I had the option to set up a pattern of increment in Zebra and Quagga and decline of other organisms’ populace. This is reachable by tapping on the length bar at the base and afterward perusing changes in amount of other biological system occupiers, and afterward I recorded. From the above outcomes, it is seen that at 3, 7 and 10 the number of inhabitants in the Zebra and Quagga have been expanding since first experience with another biological system. It is on the grounds that their primary wellspring of food is in plenteous. The expansion populace overstretches Phytoplankton and this added to the decrease in the number of inhabitants in Zebra and Quagga in the ensuing years. The suggestion is a typical pattern of the whole living being beneath the natural pecking order diminishing. Furthermore, this demonstrates there is flimsiness in the environment, subsequently, of gatecrashers, Zebra and

An Ecological Viewpoint On Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

An Ecological Viewpoint On Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Contamination is the impact of unwanted changes in our environmental factors that effectsly affect plants, creatures and people. This happens when just transient biological increases are made at the expense of long haul environmental advantages for mankind. During the most recent couple of decades we have contaminated our air, water and land on which life itself depends with an assortment of waste items. From a biological perspective, contaminations can be delegated degradable or non-persevering poisons which can be quickly separated by characteristic process.eg: residential sewage, disposed of vegetables and so forth., Slowly-degradable or determined toxins are contaminations that stay in the earth for a long time in an unaltered condition and take decades or longer to degrade.eg:DDT(pesticides) and most plastics. Non-degradable toxins can't be debased by common procedures. When they are discharged into the earth they are hard to kill and keep on accumulate.eg: harmful components like lead or mercury and atomic squanders. Contamination is an exceptionally wide subject. This theory centers around two significant contaminations air and water, and clarifies in detail the causes, impacts and control measures. Air contamination happens because of the nearness of bothersome strong or vaporous particles noticeable all around in amounts that are unsafe to human wellbeing and the earth. The air may get contaminated by normal causes, for example, volcanoes, which discharge debris, residue, sulfur and different gases, or by woodland fires that are sporadically brought about by helping. Be that as it may, in contrast to toxins from human movement, normally occuring contaminations will in general stay in the climate for a brief timeframe and don't prompt lasting barometrical change. Air contamination started to increment in the start of the twentieth century with the advancement of transportation frameworks and enormous scope utilization of petroleum and diesel. These extreme air quality issues because of the arrangement of petrochemical exhaust cloud from the burning buildups of diesel and petroleum motors were felt without precedent for Los Angeles. Contamination because of auto-fumes stays a genuine ecological issue in many created and creating nations, including, India. The air contamination control act in India was passed in 1981 and the engine vehicle represent controlling air contamination was passed as of late. These laws are planned to keep the air from getting over contaminated. The best mechanical fiasco prompting genuine air contamination occurred in Bhopal, where the very harmful methyl isocyanides gas was accidently discharged from the Union Carbides pesticide fabricating plant, the evening of December 2, 1984. The impacts of this debacle on human wellbeing and the dirt are felt even today. Lead is a significant air poison that remaining parts generally unmonitored and is radiated by vehicles. High lead levels have been accounted for in the encompassing air in metropolitan urban communities. Leaded petroleum is the essential wellspring of air-borne lead discharges in Indian urban areas. The utilization of unleaded petroleum is one method of lessening this toxin. Contaminations are additionally found inside from the invasion of dirtied outside air and from different synthetic concoctions utilized or delivered inside structures. The impacts of air contamination on living beings are unfavorable. Cigarette smoking is answerable for the best presentation to carbon monoxide. Introduction to air containing even 0.001% of carbon monoxide for a few hours can cause extreme lethargies and even demise. Sulfur dioxide bothers the respiratory tissues; incessant presentation to it causes a condition like bronchitis. The acids can get appended to particles which, when breathed in, are extremely destructive to the lungs. The broadly talked changes in the ozone layer have genuine ramifications for humanity. The consequences for human wellbeing because of expanded UV radiation are burn from the sun, waterfall, maturing of the skin and skin disease. It debilitates the insusceptible framework by stifling the bodys protection from specific contaminations like measles, chickenpox and other viral illnesses that evoke rash and parasitic ailments like intestinal sickness presented through the skin. UV beams likewise influence the capacity of plants to catch light vitality during the procedure of photosynthesis. This decreases the supplement content and the development of plants. This is seen particularly on account of vegetables and cabbage. Air contamination can be constrained by two central methodologies: preventive strategies and gushing control. One of the compelling methods for controlling air contamination is to have legitimate gear set up. This incorporates gadgets for expulsion of toxins from the vent gases through scrubbers, shut assortment recuperation frameworks, and the utilization of dry and wet authorities, channels, electrostatic precipitators, etc. Building higher smoke-stacks encourages the release of toxins as distant starting from the earliest stage conceivable. Businesses ought to be painstakingly found in order to limit the impacts of contamination in the wake of thinking about the geology and the breeze headings. The replacement of crude materials that cause more contamination with those that cause less contamination will likewise help. Water contamination is the point at which the quality or sythesis of water changes straightforwardly or by implication because of keeps an eye on exercises with the end goal that it gets unfit for any reason it is supposed to be dirtied. Point wellsprings of contamination are the point at which a wellspring of contamination can be promptly recognized in light of the fact that it has a positive source and spot where it enters the water it is said to originate from a point source. E.g.: city and modern release pipes. Non-point wellsprings of contamination are the point at which a wellspring of contamination can't be promptly recognized, for example, farming overflow, corrosive downpour and so forth., There are a few classes of basic water poisons. These are malady causing specialists which incorporate microscopic organisms, infections, protozoa and parasitic worms that enter water from household sewage and untreated human and creature squanders. A lot of human waste in water builds the quantity of these microscopic organisms, which cause gastrointestinal ailments. Other conceivably hurtful microscopic organisms from human squanders may likewise be available in littler numbers. In this way, the more noteworthy the measure of squanders in the water, the more prominent is the opportunity of contracting ailments. The second rate class of toxins is inorganic plant supplements. These are water - solvent nitrates and phosphates that cause the over the top development of green growth and other sea-going plants. The amount of manures applied in a field is regularly commonly more than really required by plants. The synthetic substances in manures and pesticides contaminate both soil and water. A fourth class of water toxins is water-solvent inorganic synthetic substances, which are acids, salts and mixes of harmful metals, for example, mercury and lead. Elevated levels of these synthetic concoctions can make the water unfit to drink, hurt fish and other oceanic life, lessen crop yields and quicken the erosion of hardware that is in contact with this water. Another reason for water contamination is an assortment of natural synthetic concoctions, which incorporates oil, gas, plastics, pesticides, cleaning solvents, cleansers and numerous different synthetic concoctions. These are destructive to sea-going and human wellbeing. They enter the water legitimately from mechanical action, either from inappropriate treatment of synthetic concoctions in enterprises and for the most part from the ill-advised and unlawful removal of compound squanders. The principal need of controlling water contamination is anticipation. Then again, setting up gushing treatment plants to treat squanders can decrease the contamination load in the beneficiary water. The treated emanating can be reused for either planting or cooling purposes, at every possible opportunity. A couple of years prior another innovation, called the Root Zone Process has been created by Thermax. This framework includes running debased water through root zones of exceptionally planned reed beds. To finish up, the obligation to forestall contamination lies in the hands of each person. A few ideas that assist people with contributing towards a superior nature of our condition and human life are: Attempt to plant trees any place you can and all the more significantly deal with them. They diminish air contamination. From the mail you get reuse the same number of envelopes as you can. Use pesticides in your home just when totally vital and use them in modest quantities. Some creepy crawly species help to keep a beware of the populaces of nuisance species. Diminish the utilization of petroleum derivatives by either strolling short separations or utilizing a vehicle pool, sharing a bicycle or utilizing open vehicle. This lessens air contamination. Stop the lights and fans when not required. Try not to utilize airborne splash items and business deodorizers. They harm the ozone layer. Try not to pour pesticides, paints, solvents, oil or different items containing unsafe synthetic concoctions down the channel or onto the ground. Purchase shopper merchandise in refillable glass holders rather than jars or expendable jugs. Attempt to abstain from requesting plastic convey sacks when you purchase staple goods or vegetables or some other things. Utilize your own material sack. Set up a manure bit in your nursery to deliver excrement and diminish utilization of composts.

ETH Zürich, hier komme ich!

ETH Zürich, hier komme ich! Im studying abroad next semester at ETH Zurich in Switzerland! (Or more officially, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich!) It all happened very quickly. I first heard about the program during the summer from an email sent out to Course 6 Class of 2019. My friend had also sent it out to a group chat, and we all drooled at the thought of spending Spring 2018 abroad, especially because Switzerland and chocolate. My friends and I had considered taking part in the Cambridge-MIT Exchange for the entirety of Junior year, but the program was canceled just last year. I had been on the lookout for other options, and ETH seemed to be the perfect fit. An exchange through Course 2 had been in place for the past few years, but this would be the first time through Course 6. How it all began There was an info session mid-September, and the application was due within the week. I promptly asked my summer UROP supervisor for a letter of recommendation, and also sent an email to my advisor. In the following week, I had an interview with the Assistant Dean of Global Education at MIT and Anne Hunter, the Course 6 Undergraduate Administrator. The following day, I got an email with an offer for a spot in the exchange. I had less than a week to decide. Indeed, I was incredibly excited and confided with my family and friends. But getting excited about the idea of it was much different from actually committing to it. I spent the next few days really thinking through the offer. The dean arranged a meet and greet with two exchange students from ETH currently spending the semester at MIT, as well as two MIT students who did the exchange last spring. The Head of the Student Exchange office at ETH was also present to answer all of our questions. But spending a semester abroad would mean one fewer at MIT, one fewer with my friends here. I would be one semester removed from all my extracurriculars, one semester removed from my carefully planned out courseroad. I would have to find a new training environment and coaches if I wanted to continue my skating career. I would have to make new friends, find a new community and living group, and adjust to an entirely different culture, environment, and language. It would, all in all, be easier and the path of least resistance to stay at MIT, take the classes I already have planned, knock off my course requirements and take the lingering Bio GIR I have been putting off, continue my work in my clubs and extracurriculars, and avoid having to uproot my entire life and routine, friendships and communities, all the things that Ive worked so hard to cultivate the last 2.5 years here at the MIT. Inertia is real. Though a few Course 2 students had previously done the exchange, no one from Cours e 6 had. We would be the guinea pigs. Yet, this would be a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. My UROP supervisor likened ETH as the MIT of Europe. Albert Einstein studied there! I would be able to meet and work alongside an entire new group of students and professors, and have a chance to study and immerse myself in a new environment, one that is just as engaging and intellectually stimulating as MIT. I will finally have an excuse to learn German, and travel all around Switzerland and Europe as well while Im at it. So I went for it. Five others also went for it, four from Course 6 and another from Course 2. ETH and Zurich mood Within the next few days, Ive received a slew of emails and forms and documents from ETH. Then, it was the challenge of putting together a study plan and pre-registering for classes. There isnt an official schedule released for next semester, and there arent any previous Course 6 exchanges to rely on for help and advice. Though we do have a group chat for all of us studying abroad next semester, were all just as lost as the next, but doing our best to be as resourceful as possible. There is a process of getting our credits to transfer over, but itll be work on our end to petition for those credits once were back at MIT in the fall. Luckily, we do have the assistance and guidance of two professors at MIT, Professor Chris Terman (who taught 6.004 when I took it last semester) and Professor Stefanie Jegelka who did her PhD at ETH throughout the process. Credits work a bit differently at ETH, and most students typically take more classes but of fewer units than at MIT. Generally, it should work out to be about the equivalent amount of work and class time as the average MIT workload. However, at ETH there is more of an emphasis on the final examination, and less of an emphasis on psets and assignments â€" which can be good or bad depending on how you look at it. More free time during the semester, vs. more chances to boost your grade and less pressure on the final. Also, there are oral exams at ETH (me: ?!?!?). 2/3 of our coursework has to come from the department we are in, so similar to MIT, there is an focus on exploring other departments and the humanities at ETH. Luckily, most of their advanced undergraduate (their undergrad is 3 years) and Masters classes are taught in English. I planned for: (1) Ubiquitous Computing, a class on wireless sensors and components like RFID and bluetooth; (2) Learning and Intelligent Systems, which is a mix between 6.036 and 6.867; (3) Case Studies from Practice, which offers real-world technology cases and projects from partner companies; (4) 3D Vision, a version of computer vision; (4) User Interface Engineering, a Masters class that combines 6.815 and 6.036; (5) Human-Computer Interaction, a seminar on HCI topics; (6) Cognition in Architecture Designing Orientation and Navigation for Building Users, a seminar at the intersection of Course 9 and Course 4; and finally, (7) German, the most beginner version. Yes, its a mouthful, and I am currently planned for much beyond the typical credit load. Were recommended to take between 20-25 ETH credits, and my study plan totals 31. Im also planning to take a 2 week German intensive language course before the semester starts. There were even more classes I wanted to take: one in entrepreneurship, another in information security, and one in computer graphics and vision. Even then, I will drop one or two of the classes I have on my study plan once I get a feel for them. Im hoping to get most of the classes and credits to transfer over, particularly to count for Course 6 AUS or EECS electives. We were also told we could get humanities to transfer over as HASS-E credit. Regardless, Im really looking forward to these classes. Part of my extensive study plan research spreadsheet Until then, I do have more forms to fill out and several more weeks to figure out the rest of the logistics. Am I ready? Click to take a look!   Ja, you bet!

The Effects of the Green Revolution on the Punjabi Soils...

The Effects of the Green Revolution on the Punjabi Soils of India The Green Revolution hopes to avert global hunger crises by enabling developing nations to be self sufficient. The goal is to replace old agricultural traditions with newer Western practices. Developing nations can increase their total yields by using genetically engineered seeds, large irrigation projects, and prolific quantities of fertilizer. The aim of this paper is examine the methods of the Green Revolution, and their effects on the soils of the Punjab region in India. What is the Green Revolution? The idea behind the Green Revolution is noble: to enable developing nations to grow their own food, and thereby avert mass starvation. During the period†¦show more content†¦(Fertilizer was a relatively easy peace-time conversion for the explosive factories.) Fertilizers in the late 1960s and early 1970s were comprised entirely of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K). Originally, the fertilizers were meant to be a supplement to the organic component of the soil. However, as agricultural plans in India evolved, the organic component of soil was viwed as secondary to chemical fertilizer. (Shiva, 1991) Traditional crop varieties of wheat and rice in India respond to increased fertilizer usage by increasing their biomass. Plants grow taller and leafier, which is inefficient and for farmers who want the increased fertilizers to be translated directly into more grain. In order to maximize the effects of increased soil fertility, Green Revolution agronomists developed genetically engineered seeds. The distribution of genetically engineered seeds was the second change in United States hunger relief policy. The miracle seeds were dwarfed versions of traditional crop varieties. The advantages of these plants are their biomass to grain yield ratio. Another advantage is their resistance to solar radiation damage. (The majority of developing nations are in areas that receive more solar radiation than American and European temperate zones.) The one drawback to these seeds is their dependence on highShow MoreRelatedThe Severity and Extent of Environmental Scarcity in Pakistan3240 Words   |  13 Pagesmountain ranges one thousand miles down to the Arabian Sea, it is bounded on the northwest by the mountain ranges of Koh Sulaiman and by Afghanistan and on the southwest by the Iranian section of Baluchistan. In the east, Pakistan is separated from India along the Sutlej River, the deserts of Rajasthan, and the Rann of Kutch; and a cease fire line dividing the Kashmir Valley separates t he two countries in the north. The country has a total land area of approximately 310,322 square miles, much of whichRead MoreCreativity in Advertising15483 Words   |  62 Pagessuccess of new product. * Creates Demand for Product: Advertising creates demand for the product. Advertising spread information about the product or services and makes consumers aware about it through various mass media which makes positive effect on the mind of the people and create demand for the product. * Expand Market: It helps in expanding local markets, to national level and even to international level. Trading at national and international level is impossible without advertising

Ringworm - 1178 Words

THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH SCIENCES CHS 623: Biostatistics Fall 2012 Instructor Information: Danielle Fastring, PhD, MS, MPH Dept Community Health Sciences Office Address: 108 North 31st Avenue Hattiesburg, MS 39406 E-mail: Danielle.Fastring@usm.edu Time and Place: Monday 3:30 – 6:15 FG113 Text: Daniel, W. W. (2009). Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences, 9th edition. NY: John Wiley amp; Sons. Course Description: This course is designed to give students the basic skills to organize and summarize data, as well as an introduction to the fundamental principles and application of statistical inference. The course emphasizes an†¦show more content†¦You are responsible for completing the homework. It will not be collected for a grade. Attendance: Attendance will be taken at each class. Students are permitted 2 unexcused absences. Upon the 3rd absence, your final grade will be dropped by 10%. Academic Honesty Policy: Students are expected to maintain complete honesty and integrity in the academic experiences both in and out of the classroom. Any students found guilty of dishonesty in any phase of academic work will be subject to disciplinary action. The University and its official representatives may initiate disciplinary proceedings against a student accused of any form of academic dishonesty including but not limited to cheating, plagiarism, unauthorized collaboration, and multiple submissions. Cheating: The unauthorized giving, receiving, or use of material or information in exams, quizzes, assignments, or other course work, or trying to do so, with the attempt to influence a grade. Plagiarism: The use of ideas, data, or specific passages or others that are unacknowledged or falsely acknowledged with the purpose of influencing a grade. Any paraphrasing or quotation must be appropriately acknowledged. Unauthorized collaboration: Collaboration not EXPLICITLY allowed by the instructor to obtain credit for examination or course assignments. Multiple submissions: Presentation of a paper or other work for credit in two distinct courses withoutShow MoreRelatedThe Restorative Term For Ringworm1417 Words   |  6 PagesRingworm is an issue that could transpire at any age and time. It makes the influenced zone look repulsive. Ringworm resembles a little fix on the skin, which has an aroused red ring. It spreads towards outwards and develops. The region inside the ring is dark and i nconsistent. The patch steadily develops into a vast ring step by step, and consequently it is called ringworm. There are risks that few times, a few patches would happen anyplace in the skin, particularly for the situation where you getRead MoreCauses And Cure Of Ringworm1439 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Ringworm Title: Cause and Cure of Ringworm Ringworm is an issue that could transpire at any age and time. It makes the influenced zone look repulsive. Ringworm resembles a little fix on the skin, which has an aroused red ring. It spreads towards outwards and develops. The region inside the ring is dark and inconsistent. The patch steadily develops into a vast ring step by step, and consequently it is called ringworm. There are risks that few times, a few patches would happen anyplace in theRead MoreAfrican Elephants ( Loxadonta Africana ) And Amur Tigers1172 Words   |  5 PagesFigure 5: Rabies Virus Particle Source: Twy cross zoo, 2013 Source: Fine Art America, 2016 Ringworm (dermatophytosis, or dermatomycosis) is a fungal disease which amur tigers suffer and is highly contagious and is spread through contact with contaminated objects or by direct contact. The clinical signs of ringworm aren’t always easy to detect due to the lesions of ringworm to be very mild or even undetectable in cats and the lesions can take up to 21 days before signs of infectionRead MoreEverything About Ringworm ( Dermatophytosis )2354 Words   |  10 PagesEverything about ringworm (Dermatophytosis) and how to get rid of it Our world is fully surrounded by fungi, molds and yeasts, but luckily, only a few of them cause skin problems. They are called dermatophytes and they cause an annoying infection called ringworm or dermatophytosis. Ringworm is not a kind of worm; it is an infection of the skin caused by a fungus. This infection is a skin disorder characterized by red, itchy, scaly, rash in the area affected. People and animals can both be affectedRead MoreBacterial Infections of Humans Caused by Bites of Animals (NOT insects) Introduction Animal bites900 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen successful in decreasing the chances of transmission of rabies from animals to humans. †¢ Ringworms Also known as tinea, is a fungal infection of the skin caused by fungus found in soils and on the skin of pets. Children can get ringworms by touching infected dogs and cats. Ringworm of the skin is usually a non-fatal, scaly round area with a raised red bumpy border and a clear center. Ringworm infections are treated with antifungal or oral medications. †¢ Toxocariasis The parasitic roundwormRead MoreMany have Athletes Foot871 Words   |  3 Pages This will cause the fungus that causes athlete’s foot to grow because the fungus will grow in warm, damp places. Athlete’s foot is defined by Merriam Webster dictionary as a fungal infection affecting the skin between the toes. It is a form of ringworm. Athlete’s foot is not a microorganism it a fungus so it doesn’t have a microbe. The name of the fungus is called tinea pedis. The disease name of athlete’s foot is tinea pedis. An athlete’s foot fungus is spread easily. It can be passed throughRead More Zoonotic Diseases and Risk Factors1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthe early stages they will help the immune system destroy the disease. Another Zoonotic disease is dermatophytosis or commonly known as ringworms. Ringworm is caused by a fungal infection on the skin. The fungi Dematophytes, which causes the parasitic infection, feeds on keratin which is the material found in the outer layer of skin, hair, and nails. Ringworm is transmitted by direct contact with an infected animal or a flea or its larva, also sharing clothing, sports equipment, towels, or sheetsRead MoreEssay Challenges Facing New Immigrants in America1122 Words   |  5 Pagesthing for immigrants to do. However a family was blessed in a way, written in a book called Ellis Island Interviews, a family had to stay into a holding cell because one of the boys had ringworm. At the time no one really knew how serious things were so the workers at Ellis Island would take extra precaution, â€Å"the ringworm was considered very contagious at that time. Why they kept the rest of the family for six weeks I don’t know. But they kept me at the hospital on Ellis Island† (Coan 165). By makingRead MoreThe Medicinal Plant Of Medicinal Plants1365 Words   |  6 Pagesyou get the right amount for your body (The Health Benefits of Blood Flower Herb, 2017). The roots are very useful when you are trying to counter Scrofula. It’s leaf juice helps to stop hemorrhages. The Blood Flower is very good at curing ringworms. To cure ringworms effectively, craft a poultice out of the root and rub it on the skin that is infected (Blood Flower Herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients, 2017). The Blood Flower is not the best at curing Anhidrosis, Ascaris, and Asthma,Read MoreHerbal Medicine1235 Words   |  5 Pagesused alongside â€Å"modern† methods such as bleeding, purging, arsenic and mercury with equal, or better, results. DOH approved herbal medicine 1. Akapulko (Cassia alata) – also known as â€Å"bayabas-bayabasan† and â€Å"ringworm bush† in English, this herbal medicine is used to treat ringworms and skin fungal infections. 2. Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) – known as â€Å"bitter gourd† or â€Å"bitter melon† in English, it most known as a treatment of diabetes (diabetes mellitus), for the non-insulin dependent

Male vs Female Friendships Free Essays

Male vs Female Friendships BY sf0409928 Male Vs. Female Friendships How different is a friendship with a woman from the one with a man? What do you prefer? Are they the same kind of friendship or does it depend on the person? I have my own opinions to compare and contrast about these two kinds of friendships, such as confidence, places to go out and the way of thinking. Confidence is very important to establish in a friendship. We will write a custom essay sample on Male vs Female Friendships or any similar topic only for you Order Now Confessing something is difficult but when you have someone important who can listen to you and give you ome advice is great. I think most women tend to criticize you or be more gossipy with what you tell them. On the other hand, men are more reliable with your secrets and most of the time listen to you without criticizing. Another important aspect to consider is the places to go out. I think I have more options with female friends than with male friends. With female friends you can go shopping, since girls can shop forever with no problem. Also girls can go to clubs ogether and get discounts on drinks, Just because they are women. A male friend doesn’t like to shop as much as females. One advantage is you can go to clubs with men and never feel alone, because he is always going to be taking care of you. The way of thinking influences so much in a friendship. Most women think with their hearts and always try to give you the best advice. Men on the other hand, are more blunt. They will tell you exactly how they feel even if it’s going to hurt your eelings. The one thing to remember is that a true friend will always tell you the truth. I think women and men both make excellent friends. It depends on the situation your in whether you want to chill with men or women at the time. Depending on what you want to do or want to talk about is when you will make that decision. Just remember good friends are hard to come by. Whether they are male or female Just remember the happiness that he or she brings into your life. How to cite Male vs Female Friendships, Papers

Critical Evaluation for Case Study Critique - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCritical Evaluation for Case Study Critique. Answer: Introduction There are a variety of ways or guides for critiquing. All work in similar ways in understanding whether they have followed the correct procedure and principles of research, and key part is always the ability for the results to be generalised in terms of emphasis on accuracy and the ability to apply findings to other situations or generalizability. Models used for critique include the Crombie model; it is an essential tool for both qualitative and quantitative research. Secondly, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) is a tool designed by the public health experts and provides key tool for critique. Third tool for critique is the Parhoo model and finally the fourth is the Reel Model, (Wu et al., 2011) which is both used in quantitative and qualitative research. The journal for this article, Annals of Emergency has an impact factor of 5.009. Its publication site is in New York. It is reviewed as largest peer review based circulation journal in medicine, this give the confidence of having high quality data which can be utilised in other research settings. The authors are practising medical practitioners in the health care and have vast experience in utilising the care practice involved. The rich knowledge of the authors gives the confidence to believe in the results and be able to apply them with confidence. Title and abstract review The title of the research, Skin Glue reduces the failure rate of Emergency Department-Inserted Peripheral Intravenous Catheters, is relevant to the research and its form of presentation is clear and concise. It is more specific and direct on its intent. The objective of the research was clearly stated, and the proposed objective is to investigate whether the failure rate of peripheral intravenous catheters could be reduced by addition of skin glue to standard peripheral intravenous catheter care. The abstract of the document contained adequate information with regard to the experimentally methodology. Structure of the Study The literature review cited provides the relevant motivations for conducting this study in that, peripheral device catheters are commonly used in hospitals with approximately 80 % of the patients being applied. Of these, failure reported with its usage is between 33%-69% due to other factors such as phlebitis, occlusion, infection or dislodgement, thus the need for facilitating this study to address the problems arising. The literature review cited in reviewing this study are relevant and recent giving more up to data, reflects the current practices in catheter use thus giving a broader understanding of the topic under review. The gap in literature as outlined in the article is based on a review by Cochrane, which made a conclusion that there were no best practice methods to manage safe use of peripheral intravenous use of catheters. This gap in literature and practices informed the studying trying to come up with an effective method to manage the problem. In conducting this study, i t was hypothesized that addition of skin glue to the insertion site of peripheral intravenous catheters in emergency units reduces the device failure at a rate of 8 hours, this scientific hypothesis. The statement portrays the intent of the researchers to compare the two groups of patients, with key interest on care practice given. One group is given standard care and the other group is provides with intravenous application of peripheral catheter. The intervention indicated in the hypothesis confirms this intent by the researcher, in providing an alternate method for the treatment and application of catheter among patients in emergency care units in reducing the failure of the device within 48 hours of admission in the emergency unit. The Sample Selection The patients were selected from a list of admission who were being admitted in the hospital at the Emergency Unit. The screening process was facilitated by a registered nurse at the facility and patients who were admitted in the unit and above 18 years were recruited in the study. Exclusion criteria were informed by the presence of allergy and infection at the catheter area and that patient who were had intentions of removing the catheter and non English speaking patients were excluded. The participants were recruited through patients attending one health facility referred to as Caboolture Hospital; a community based health care facility. The methodology used was none blinded randomized controlled design in recruiting the participants of the study. Data Collection The data was collected using the use of peripheral intravenous catheters were performed with insertion included treatment with treatment of various solutions. The data of patients was collected at the enrollment and data tabulated in a table. Treatment follow-ups were done after 24 hours. The data were assessed and collected by the research nurses through person or face to face contact and telephone based method. The groups were given different measurement protocols in that the standard care group received standard care management while the skin group received standard care management with Cyanoacrylate skin glue applied at the insertion site as the treatment control. The data used were adequately described in that it quality was preserved. The data was collected with technology based aid, thus tampering of the data was minimised. Collection tools were the use of iPad, Apple, Cupertini, Form Connections, Laguna Niguel and transferred to Stata software and later analysed. This approac h was meant to minimise cofounding factors on the researcher on any tampering with the data which is a factor in its quality adherence. The instrument was adequately described however its validity and reliability were not assessed. There was no reported on the reliability measure of the instruments. The reliability of instruments used in any research to determine the extent t which concepts are accurately measuring the needed data. The analysis method of Assesment was the peripheral intravenous devices used in the process. Ethical consideration is such of research is essential in assuring the safety of the patients is assured. The research sought ethics approval from Caboolture hospital human research ethics committee before commencement of the study and registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trilas Registry. Data Analysis A total of 380 patients were receiving the peripheral intravenous catheters device were entitled and allocated, in this 11 patients were lost in the following and data for 369 patients were analysed. The rate of loss of the patients was as low as 0.83% per patients and outcome rates was further assessed using 95% confidence level. The follow ups were effective an a marginal number of patients were lost, this did not meet the threshold for affecting the data obtained, thus the data were valid and credible. The assessments of the patients in both groups the control and intervention were not blinded because it was not practical due to the suitable colour of the glue used and its appearances reflected in both groups of the study. The results obtained were statistically significant at p0.05 at a 95% confidence level. The statistics used were correlation in that the two groups were compared and statistical significance obtained to validate the treatment given if it had any impacts. The outcomes of the results was that catheter failure of 17% in the skin glue groups and 27% in the standard care group was reported at a 95% confidence level.. The primary outcome of the study results was that peripheral intravenous catheter failure at 8 hours while the secondary outcomes were the individual modes of peripheral intravenous catheter failure which includes infections, occlusions, dislodgements and phlebitis. The meaning of this outcome is that there was difference in between the groups being treated. Findings The findings were expected in the sense that the literature review had clearly stated that the main problem which often occurs with catheter fixation on the skin was due to inability to fix itself on the skin which was a major factor in dislodgement and loose attachments. The findings presented are well articulated and formulated in the manner in which the research was conducted by the study. The study process gives enough credibility to provide the required information for the judgment of the results. The results obtained are well articulated and easily applicable. The findings obtained by the researcher r were that peripheral catheter failure was reported at 10% lower at a 95 % confidence level with skin glue being 17% while the standard care was 27%. Phlebitis and occlusion was less with the skin glue care however they were not statistically significant to affect the quality of the results obtained. Limitation encountered in this study was that total blinding was not because the s kin glue was visible on the skin surface. Another encountered limitation of the study was the limited period of hospital stay by the patients. Some patients were discharged with an average stay at the hospital being 2.7 days and were discharged before examination by the research nurse. Many left the facility which this could be factor in shorter reflection of time and catheter failure increased rates with hospital stay after the 48 hours by the patients. A suggestion for further research was not suggested by the researcher in that it is termed as a conclusive study. The implications made of the research were that application of skin care glue in the administration of peripheral catheter was beneficial to the patients in the sense that it reduces hospital infections and complications, reduced length of stay in hospital, any related issues with catheter application could be significant reduced with patient benefits and satisfaction improved. The information provided by the reported gi ves room for replication of the study methods and process in other settings. The treatment processes involved are well applicable to replicate in other settings. Conclusion of the Study The study concludes that there no incidence of skin allergy experienced by the patients. The benefits associated with the skin care application are beneficial to the patient and improve the related outcomes. Thus the study concluded that the use of skin care treatment alongside peripheral intravenous catheter care reduced the significant rates in among the emergency department patients admitted at the study site hospital. Other studies done have found out that replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters have no effect on incidence of failure however when this study approach is used of applying skin care treatment to the procedure, reduces infections rate as the underlying factors associated with care. Thus it informs the findings of this study on the use of glue skin care on the peripheral intravenous catheter application. Relevance to Nursing Practice The use of peripheral intravenous catheter among patients has shown to impact negatively on the quality of care among patients, effects have included various complications to the patient which contribute significantly to reduce quality of care, (Arsaln et al., 2014). Associated complication such as phlebitis has admission occurrence of 75% on patients admitted to health care facilities, (Singh, Pun Bhandary, 2008). It has been investigated and shown to cause discomfort, prolong stay at the hospital and increased health care cost hence limit, thus affecting the rights of patients of getting affordable and quality health care. the current rates of 35%-50 % failure rates of catheters is termed as unacceptable practice and this giving unfair treatment to the patients, caregivers and affecting the quality of the overall health care system at large, (Helm et al., 2015). The application and practice of catheter use has been the most invasive procedures in the clinical practice among patients admitted in hospitals, with remedy solution being intravenous therapy, (Di Nisio et al., 2015). It has been found out that majority of the patients develop accompanying complications which include infections to the blood stream, (Maki et al., 2006). This health care issue has prompted the development of various approaches aimed at tackling the problem, which have included new innovative methods of securing the catheter position in patients, (Shah , 2005). Studies by CDC have suggested that catheters should be replaced after every 72-96 hours to reduce the infection rate in patients, (OGrady et al, 2002). However this recommendation is based on limited research conducted to ascertain this. Some of the observational studies have indicated that placing the catheters at safe places for longer periods could have a significant effect on the quality of care provided to the patient, (Van Donk et al., 2009). With this uncertain use of peripheral intravenous catheters on patients, there is need for a safe routine replacement to be utilised in the health care practice, which informs the basis of this study. This study is focused on human health care practice, and more so when it comes to clinical care. The context of the application of the catheter intravenous injection signifies its practise in the health care setting. The use of peripheral intravenous catheter use has been a general practise in health care and has been evidently researched and guidelines outlined. It is common method and approach used in hospitals and utilised in the administration of drugs, fluids or blood products. The procedure involves the intravenous catheter injection, it follows a wide range of experience in the practice which makes it more non ineffective when its failure rate is taken into consideration. The procedure of intravenous catheter administration has been the most invasive procedure applied to the patients admitted in hospitals an estimate about half admitted in hospitals receiving the therapy, (Malyon et al., 2014). Peripheral intravenous catheters have been used in health care and has been termed a time consuming procedure and more so when dealing the younger generation like children due to smaller veins, reduced cooperation and increased adipose tissue of the skin, (Webster et al ., 2008). The practice is relevant fort nursing care, as it is drug administration channel for drugs and medicines. References Arslan, M., Yal?n, S., Kesik, F., Demirci, B., Bal?k, . ?.(2014). Turkish Nurses Knowledge About Application, Care, and Complications of Peripheral and Central Venous Catheters and Port Catheters. Bugden, S., Shean, K., Scott, M., Mihala, G., Clark, S., Johnstone, C., Rickard, C. (2016). Skin glue reduces the failure rate of emergency department-inserted peripheral intravenous catheters: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 68, 196201. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.11.026 Di Nisio, M., Peinemann, F., Porreca, E., Rutjes, A. W. (2015). Treatment for superficial infusion thrombophlebitis of the upper extremity. The Cochrane Library. Helm, R. E., Klausner, J. D., Klemperer, J. D., Flint, L. M., Huang, E. (2015). Accepted but unacceptable: peripheral IV catheter failure. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 38(3), 189-203. Maki DG, Kluger DM, Crnich CJ. The risk of bloodstream infection in adults with different intravascular devices: a systematic review of 200 published prospective studies. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:1159-71 Malyon, L., Ullman, A. J., Phillips, N., Young, J., Kleidon, T., Murfield, J., Rickard, C. M. (2014). Peripheral intravenous catheter duration and failure in paediatric acute care: a prospective cohort study. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 26(6), 602-608. OGrady NP, Alexander M, Dellinger EP, Gerberding JL, Heard SO, Maki DG, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:759-69 Shah PS, Ng E, Sinha AK. Heparin for prolonging peripheral intravenous catheter use in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005:CD002774. Singh, R., Bhandary, S., Pun, K. D. (2008). Peripheral intravenous catheter related phlebitis and its contributing factors among adult population at KU Teaching Hospital. Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 6(4), 443-447. Van Donk, P., Rickard, C. M., McGrail, M. R., Doolan, G. (2009). Routine Replacement versus Clinical Monitoring of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in a Regional Hospital in the Home Program A Randomized Controlled Trial. Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology, 30(09), 915-917. Webster, J., Clarke, S., Paterson, D., Hutton, A., van Dyk, S., Gale, C., Hopkins, T. (2008). Routine care of peripheral intravenous catheters versus clinically indicated replacement: randomised controlled trial. BMJ?: British Medical Journal, 337(7662), 157160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a339 Wu, K., Takacs, D., Yao, T., Zhang, J., Yang, H., Wen, J. R., ... Reel, E. A. (2011). 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